Financial
Reporting Problem
The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G)
The financial statements of P&G are presented in Appendix B. The company’s complete annual report, including the notes to the financial statements, is available online.
Instructions
Refer to P&G’s financial statements and the related information in the annual report to answer the following questions.
(a) What alternative formats could P&G have adopted for its balance sheet? Which format did it adopt?
(b) Identify the various techniques of disclosure P&G might have used to disclose additional pertinent financial information. Which technique does it use in its financials?
(c) In what classifications are P&G’s investments reported? What valuation basis does P&G use to report its investments? How much working capital did P&G have on June 30, 2014? On June 30, 2013?
(d) What were P&G’s cash flows from its operating, investing, and financing activities for 2014? What were its trends in net cash provided by operating activities over the period 2012–2014? Explain why the change in accounts payable and in accrued and other liabilities is added to net income to arrive at net cash provided by operating activities.
(e) Compute P&G’s (1) current cash debt coverage, (2) cash debt coverage, and (3) free cash flow for 2014. What do these ratios indicate about P&G’s financial condition?
Comparative Analysis Case
The Coca-Cola Company and PepsiCo, Inc.
The financial statements of Coca-Cola and PepsiCo are presented in Appendices C and D, respectively. The companies’ complete annual reports, including the notes to the financial statements, are available online.
Instructions
Use the companies’ financial information to answer the following questions.
(a) What format(s) did these companies use to present their balance sheets?
(b) How much working capital did each of these companies have at the end of 2014? Speculate as to their rationale for the amount of working capital they maintain.
(c) What are the companies’ annual and 5-year (2010–2014) growth rates in total assets and long-term debt 2012?
(d) What were these two companies’ trends in net cash provided by operating activities over the period 2012–2014?
(e) Compute both companies’ (1) current cash debt coverage, (2) cash debt coverage, and (3) free cash flow. What do these ratios indicate about the financial condition of the two companies?
Financial Statement Analysis Cases
Case 1: Uniroyal Technology Corporation
Uniroyal Technology Corporation (UTC), with corporate offices in Sarasota, Florida, is organized into three operating segments.
The high-performance plastics segment is responsible for research, development, and manufacture of a wide variety of products, including orthopedic braces, graffiti-resistant seats for buses and airplanes, and a static-resistant plastic used in the central processing units of microcomputers. The coated fabrics segment manufactures products such as automobile seating, door and instrument panels, and specialty items such as waterproof seats for personal watercraft and stain-resistant, easy-cleaning upholstery fabrics. The foams and adhesives segment develops and manufactures products used in commercial roofing applications.
The following items relate to operations in a recent year.
1. Serious pressure was placed on profitability by sharply increasing raw material prices. Some raw materials increased in price 50% during the past year. Cost containment programs were instituted and product prices were increased whenever possible, which resulted in profit margins actually improving over the course of the year.
2. The company entered into a revolving credit agreement, under which UTC may borrow the lesser of $15,000,000 or 80% of eligible accounts receivable. At the end of the year, approximately $4,000,000 was outstanding under this agreement. The company plans to use this line of credit in the upcoming year to finance operations and expansion.
Instructions
(a) Should investors be informed of raw materials price increases, such as described in item 1? Does the fact that the company successfully met the challenge of higher prices affect the answer? Explain.
(b) How should the information in item 2 be presented in the financial statements of UTC?
Case 2: Sherwin-Williams Company
Sherwin-Williams, based in Cleveland, Ohio, manufactures a wide variety of paint and other coatings, which are marketed through its specialty stores and in other retail outlets. The company also manufactures paint for automobiles. The Automotive Division has had financial difficulty. During a recent year, five branch locations of the Automotive Division were closed, and new management was put in place for the branches remaining.
The following titles were shown on Sherwin-Williams’s balance sheet for that year.
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Instructions
(a) Organize the accounts in the general order in which they would have been presented in a classified balance sheet.
(b) When several of the branch locations of the Automotive Division were closed, what balance sheet accounts were most likely affected? Did the balance in those accounts decrease or increase?
Case 3: Deere & Company
Presented below is the SEC-mandated disclosure of contractual obligations provided by Deere & Company in a recent annual report.
Deere & Company reported current assets of $50,060 and total current liabilities of $21,394 at year-end. (All dollars are in millions.)
Instructions
(a) Compute Deere & Company’s working capital and current ratio (current assets ÷ current liabilities) with and without the off-balance-sheet contractual obligations reported in the schedule.
(b) Briefly discuss how the information provided in the contractual obligation disclosure would be useful in evaluating
Deere & Company for loans (1) due in one year and (2) due in five years.
Case 4: Amazon.com
The incredible growth of Amazon.com has put fear into the hearts of traditional retailers. Amazon’s stock price has soared to amazing levels. However, it is often pointed out in the financial press that it took the company several years to report its first profit. The following financial information is taken from a recent annual report.
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Instructions(a) Organize the accounts in the general order in which they would have been presented in a classified balance sheet.
(b) When several of the branch locations of the Automotive Division were closed, what balance sheet accounts were most likely affected? Did the balance in those accounts decrease or increase?
Case 3: Deere & Company
Presented below is the SEC-mandated disclosure of contractual obligations provided by Deere & Company in a recent annual report.
Deere & Company reported current assets of $50,060 and total current liabilities of $21,394 at year-end. (All dollars are in millions.)
Instructions
(a) Compute Deere & Company’s working capital and current ratio (current assets ÷ current liabilities) with and without the off-balance-sheet contractual obligations reported in the schedule.
(b) Briefly discuss how the information provided in the contractual obligation disclosure would be useful in evaluating
Deere & Company for loans (1) due in one year and (2) due in five years.
Case 4: Amazon.com
The incredible growth of Amazon.com has put fear into the hearts of traditional retailers. Amazon’s stock price has soared to amazing levels. However, it is often pointed out in the financial press that it took the company several years to report its first profit. The following financial information is taken from a recent annual report.
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(a) Calculate free cash flow for Amazon for the current and prior years, and discuss its ability to finance expansion from internally generated cash. Thus far Amazon has avoided purchasing large warehouses. Instead, it has used those of others. It is possible, however, that in order to increase customer satisfaction the company may have to build its own warehouses. If this happens, how might your impression of its ability to finance expansion change?
(b) Discuss any potential implications of the change in Amazon’s cash provided by operations from the prior year to the current year.
Accounting, Analysis, and Principles
Early in January 2018, Hopkins Company is preparing for a meeting with its bankers to discuss a loan request. Its bookkeeper provided the following accounts and balances at December 31, 2017.
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Accounting
Prepare a corrected December 31, 2017, balance sheet for Hopkins Company.
Analysis
Hopkins’ bank is considering granting an additional loan in the amount of $45,000, which will be due December 31, 2018. How can the information in the balance sheet provide useful information to the bank about Hopkins’ ability to repay the loan?
Principles
In the upcoming meeting with the bank, Hopkins plans to provide additional information about the fair value of its equipment and some internally generated intangible assets related to its customer lists. This information indicates that Hopkins has significant unrealized gains on these assets, which are not reflected on the balance sheet. What objections is the bank likely to raise about the usefulness of this information in evaluating Hopkins for the loan renewal?
