6 Accounting and the Time Value of Money Financial Reporting Problem 6
Financial Reporting Problem
The Procter & Gamble Company (P&G)
The financial statements of P&G are presented in Appendix B. The company’s complete annual report, including the notes to the financial statements, is available online.
Instructions
(a) Examining each item in P&G’s balance sheet, identify those items that require present value, discounting, or interest computations in establishing the amount reported. (The accompanying notes are an additional source for this information.)
(b) (1) What interest rates are disclosed by P&G as being used to compute interest and present values? (2) Why are there so many different interest rates applied to P&G’s financial statement elements (assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses)?
Financial Statement Analysis Case
Consolidated Natural Gas Company
Consolidated Natural Gas Company (CNG), with corporate headquarters in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is one of the largest producers, transporters, distributors, and marketers of natural gas in North America.
Periodically, the company experiences a decrease in the value of its gas- and oil-producing properties, and a special charge to income was recorded in order to reduce the carrying value of those assets.
Assume the following information. In 2016, CNG estimated the cash inflows from its oil- and gas-producing properties to be $375,000 per year. During 2017, the write-downs described above caused the estimate to be decreased to $275,000 per year.
Production costs (cash outflows) associated with all these properties were estimated to be $125,000 per year in 2016, but this amount was revised to $155,000 per year in 2017.
Instructions
(Assume that all cash flows occur at the end of the year.)
(a) Calculate the present value of net cash flows for 2016–2018 (three years), using the 2016 estimates and a 10% discount factor.
(b) Calculate the present value of net cash flows for 2017–2019 (three years), using the 2017 estimates and a 10% discount factor.
(c) Compare the results using the two estimates. Is information on future cash flows from oil- and gas-producing properties useful, considering that the estimates must be revised each year? Explain.
Accounting, Analysis, and Principles
Johnson Co. accepts a note receivable from a customer in exchange for some damaged inventory. The note requires the customer make semiannual installments of $50,000 each for 10 years. The first installment begins six months from the date the customer takes delivery of the damaged inventory. Johnson’s management estimates that the fair value of the damaged inventory is $679,517.
Accounting
(a) What interest rate is Johnson implicitly charging the customer? Express the rate as an annual rate but assume semiannual compounding.
(b) At what dollar amount do you think Johnson should record the note receivable on the day the customer takes delivery of the damaged inventory?
Analysis
Assume the note receivable for damaged inventory makes up a significant portion of Johnson’s assets. If interest rates increase, what happens to the fair value of the receivable? Briefly explain why.
Principles
The Financial Accounting Standards Board has issued an accounting standard that allows companies to report assets such as notes receivable at fair value. Discuss how fair value versus historical cost potentially involves a trade-off of one desired quality of accounting information against another.
